1983 - PhD Embryonic Development, Glasgow University, UK
1980 - BA (1st Hons) Zoology, Oxford University, UK
1997 - PhD Pharmacology, University College London, UK
1990 - MSc Chemical Research, University College London, UK
1989 - BSc (Hons) Applied Chemistry, University of Greenwich, UK
1992 - PhD Zoology, University of Oxford, UK
1988 - BA (Hons) Zoology, University of Oxford, UK
1996 - MPH Statistics & Epidemiology Modules, University of Dundee, UK
1980 - PhD Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh, UK
1977 - BSc (Biol Sci) (Hons) Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh, UK
1960 – MT (ASCP) Medical Technology, Albany Medical Center School of Medical Technology, USA
1959 - BS Medical Technology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
2004 - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA
2000 - BS Biology, University of North Dakota, USA
2009 - MBA Master of Business Administration, INSEAD
2003 - MRCP (UK) Membership of the Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, UK
1999 - MB ChB Medicine, University of Birmingham School of Medicine, UK